An e-mail silver refining question
"Can anyone advice me how to extract my silver from waste nitric acid after I have refined my gold. Regards, Kevin"
Here's the method I tried. It's interesting, and on a very small scale, kinda fun, but my considered advise is to sell your scrap metal to a refiner in the first place. From my experience you will be expending a large amount of time and money for a small reward, and you will become the proud owner of gallons of toxic waste in the process: nitric acid mixed with sodium, copper, etc. and ammonia mixed with chlorine. Then what? Storage? Evaporation pond and toxic dirt? I even tried separating out sodium nitrate as fertilizer, and killed some hapless plants in the experiment.
1. Dilute the acid four-to-one with water.
2. Add table salt (sodium chloride). Silver chloride will precipitate immediately, separating the pure silver from any other metals that were also dissolved: copper, iron, etc. Keep adding salt until no more precipitate forms. 3. Decant the acid carefully, retaining the solid silver chloride.
4. Add water, stir, let settle and decant again several more times to clean.
5. Two possibilities:
A. (option one, not advised) Dry the silver chloride and reduce (melt) to pure silver with heat - generating MASSIVE CLOUDS of toxic smoke and chlorine gas.
B. (option two, what I did; still very unpleasant, costs more, and results in even more liquid waste, but not as likely to cause you and your community serious lung injuries.) Dissolve the silver chloride in household ammonia (gorgeous royal blue color!) and use a battery charger and electrolysis to electroplate out the silver. I wrapped the whole container in a laundry bag to contain the fumes, used a graphite anode and a silver cathode to prevent any other metals from contaminating the silver. Generally you'll get a mass of finely separated particles of graphite, silver crystals, and crude sheets of silver that partly attach and often slide off the silver cathode.
6. Decant the ammonia, wash and decant again, and again...it does get tiresome.
7. Dry the silver sludge. Mix in borax and reduce (melt) into small ingots, skimming off the graphite.